A 'while loop' runs as long as the condition is true. This is good for when you are not sure how many times a loop needs to be used.
A 'for loop' runs for set number of times.
Example: 'while loop'

				let counter = 0;
				while (counter < 5){
					console.log("counter is:", counter);
					counter++; // updates the condition manually
				}
			

Example: 'for loop'

				for (let counter = 0; counter < 5; counter++){
					console.log("counter is:", counter);
				}
			

An iteration refers to a complete cycle of a process, meaning that it refers to a block a code being executed once as part of a loop's repeated operation.
Example:

				for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++){
					console.log("iteration:", i);
				}
			

For this example, the loop runs three times:

• first iteration: i = 0
• second iteration: i = 1
• third iteration: i = 2

The current element in a loop is the 'value' that is being processed during that specific round of the loop. Essentially, it is just the value the loop is working with at the moment.
Example: in an array, as shown below, each number [10, 20, 30] is the current element as the loop runs.

				let numbers = [10, 20, 30];

				for (let i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
				console.log("Current element:", numbers[i]); // current element at each iteration
				}
			

• first iteration: 10
• second iteration: 20
• third iteration: 30

A counter variable keeps track of how many times something happens, such as counting loop iterations.

The 'break' statement stops a loop, ignoring the condition. The program then continues with the code after the loop.
Example:

				for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++){
					if (i === 3){
						break; // exits the loop when i = 3
					}
					console.log(i);
				}
			

Output:

• 0
• 1
• 2